Print - Revision history

Laura at 15:45, 23 September 2014

2014-09-23T15:45:49Z

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	The '''Print''' (PR) [[statement]] sends "unformatted" output to the [[console]], a [[printer]], a [[display file]], a [[communications file]], a [[window file]] or another device assigned by an [[Open display]] statement.		The '''Print''' (PR) [[statement]] sends "unformatted" output to the [[console]], a [[printer]], a [[display file]], a [[communications file]], a [[window file]] or another device assigned by an [[Open display]] statement.

			If BR is running in [[UNATTENDED mode]]: OPEN #253: redirects console PRINT output to this channel. This means you can capture your console PRINT strings.

	===Comments and Examples===		===Comments and Examples===

Laura: /* Syntax */

2014-05-05T16:58:57Z

Syntax

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	===Syntax===		===Syntax===
	PRINT #{<file number>\|<window number>} : {[<data item>]\|[MAT <array name>]\|[TAB(<numeric expression>)]\|[NEWPAGE]\|[BELL]}[{,\|;}...] [<error condition> <line ref>][,...]		PRINT #{<[[file number]]>\|<window number>} : {[<data item>]\|[ [[MAT]] <[[array name]]>]\|[ [[TAB]](<[[numeric expression]]>)]\|[ [[NEWPAGE]] ]\|[ [[BELL]] ]}[{,\|;}...] [<[[error condition]]> <[[line ref]]>][,...]

	[[Image:Print.png\|800px]]		[[Image:Print.png\|800px]]

Laura: /* Syntax */

2014-04-28T16:33:14Z

Syntax

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	===Syntax===		===Syntax===
	PRINT #<file number>\|<window number> : {[<data item>] [MAT <array name>] [TAB(<numeric expression>)] [NEWPAGE] [BELL] ,\|;} [{<error condition> <line ref>,}]		PRINT #{<file number>\|<window number>} : {[<data item>]\|[MAT <array name>]\|[TAB(<numeric expression>)]\|[NEWPAGE]\|[BELL]}[{,\|;}...] [<error condition> <line ref>][,...]

	[[Image:Print.png\|800px]]		[[Image:Print.png\|800px]]

Laura: /* Syntax */

2014-04-24T20:04:54Z

Syntax

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	===Syntax===		===Syntax===
			PRINT #<file number>\|<window number> : {[<data item>] [MAT <array name>] [TAB(<numeric expression>)] [NEWPAGE] [BELL] ,\|;} [{<error condition> <line ref>,}]

	[[Image:Print.png\|800px]]		[[Image:Print.png\|800px]]

Laura: /* Comments and Examples */

2013-07-24T20:21:33Z

Comments and Examples

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	Other devices, printers, and modems which require [[ASCII]] characters as output may also be opened as display files, then sent data by the PRINT statement.		Other devices, printers, and modems which require [[ASCII]] characters as output may also be opened as display files, then sent data by the PRINT statement.

			03250 PRINT #255 using addressform: name1$,name2$,address$,city$,state$,zip
			03255 addressform: c 10,c 10, c 25,c 25,c 2,n 7

			The above example will print an address to the printer.

	The [[keyword]] [[BELL]] is used to sound a bell or tone generator. In the following example, line 130 produces a beep from the screen, and line 140 produces a tone or bell from the printer (if supported on that model printer):		The [[keyword]] [[BELL]] is used to sound a bell or tone generator. In the following example, line 130 produces a beep from the screen, and line 140 produces a tone or bell from the printer (if supported on that model printer):

Laura: /* See Also */

2013-07-24T20:14:22Z

Laura: /* Comments and Examples */

2013-07-24T20:13:13Z

Comments and Examples

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	===Comments and Examples===		===Comments and Examples===
	The Print statement considers the screen and the system printer to be display files; these two devices do not require [[OPEN]] statements before they can be accessed with PRINT statements. Special device [[file ~~numbers~~]] are [[255]] for the printer and 0 for the screen.		The Print statement considers the screen and the system printer to be display files; these two devices do not require [[OPEN]] statements before they can be accessed with PRINT statements. Special device [[file number]]s are [[255]] for the printer and 0 for the screen.

	In the following example, lines 110 and 120 are equivalent for printing to the screen.		In the following example, lines 110 and 120 are equivalent for printing to the screen.

Laura: /* Technical Considerations */

2013-01-30T01:17:12Z

Technical Considerations

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	:8.) In unformatted PRINT statements, exponential notation occurs with numbers in the following value ranges:		:8.) In unformatted PRINT statements, exponential notation occurs with numbers in the following value ranges:
	o\|Greater than or equal to 1E+10.		*Greater than or equal to 1E+10.
	o\|Less than or equal to -1E+10.		*Less than or equal to -1E+10.
	o\|Positive, but less than or equal to 1E-10.		*Positive, but less than or equal to 1E-10.
	o\|Negative, but greater than or equal to -1E-10.		*Negative, but greater than or equal to -1E-10.

	===See Also===		===See Also===

Laura: /* Technical Considerations */

2013-01-30T01:16:36Z

Technical Considerations

Laura: /* Parameters */

2013-01-30T01:09:19Z

Parameters

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	The optional "file-num" and "wind-num" parameters identify the output location for the printed information. The integer or numeric expression that is specified must match the specification used in the OPEN statement for the same file, device or window. Two exceptions are that PRINT #255 and PRINT #0 can be used without an explicit OPEN statement. PRINT #255 outputs to the system printer, and PRINT #0 outputs to the screen.		The optional "file-num" and "wind-num" parameters identify the output location for the printed information. The integer or numeric expression that is specified must match the specification used in the OPEN statement for the same file, device or window. Two exceptions are that PRINT #255 and PRINT #0 can be used without an explicit OPEN statement. PRINT #255 outputs to the system printer, and PRINT #0 outputs to the screen.

	The "data-item" and "MAT array name" parameters identify the items to be output. "TAB num-expr" aligns ~~columns of~~ data in the ~~same fashion as~~ the ~~TAB key on a typewriter~~. TAB (x) positions the cursor at column x (similar to POS in a FORM statement), where x is any numeric expression. If the current position of the line is greater than column x, the cursor is positioned at column x in the next line. If x is negative, TAB(1) is assumed. If x is not an integer, it is rounded. If x is greater than the record length, the cursor is positioned at column 1 in the next line.		The "data-item" and "MAT array name" parameters identify the items to be output. "TAB (num-expr)" aligns data at the column indicated by the "num-expr". TAB (x) positions the cursor at column x (similar to POS in a FORM statement), where x is any numeric expression. If the current position of the line is greater than column x, the cursor is positioned at column x in the next line. If x is negative, TAB(1) is assumed. If x is not an integer, it is rounded. If x is greater than the record length, the cursor is positioned at column 1 in the next line.

	The "BELL" parameter sounds the bell or tone generator for the screen or printer. PRINT BELL is equivalent to PRINT CHR$(7), the ASCII value for BEL.		The "BELL" parameter sounds the bell or tone generator for the screen or printer. PRINT BELL is equivalent to PRINT CHR$(7) (the ASCII value for BEL).

	The "NEWPAGE" parameter performs according to the output location. When output is to the screen, NEWPAGE erases the screen and positions the cursor at the bottom left corner. When output is to a printer, NEWPAGE advances the paper to the top of the page. If the "file-num" is not zero, NEWPAGE also resets the KREC function to zero. PRINT NEWPAGE is equivalent to PRINT CHR$(12), the ASCII value for FF, or form feed.		The "NEWPAGE" parameter performs according to the output location. When output is to the screen, NEWPAGE erases the screen and positions the cursor at the bottom left corner. When output is to a printer, NEWPAGE advances the paper to the top of the page. If the "file-num" is not zero, NEWPAGE also resets the KREC function to zero. PRINT NEWPAGE is equivalent to PRINT CHR$(12) (the ASCII value for FF, or form feed).

	Multiple specifications of "data-item", "MAT array name", "TAB", "BELL" and "NEWPAGE" may be separated with either commas or semi-colons. The position of each data-item is determined by the separator that precedes it. Commas cause the output to be zone printed in column lengths of 24 characters each. Semi-colons cause the output to be printed immediately after the previous output item (numeric items generate one leading and one trailing space).		Multiple specifications of "data-item", "MAT array name", "TAB", "BELL" and "NEWPAGE" may be separated with either commas or semi-colons. The position of each data-item is determined by the separator that precedes it. Commas cause the output to be zone printed in column lengths of 24 characters each. Semi-colons cause the output to be printed immediately after the previous output item (numeric items generate one leading and one trailing space).

	PRINT provides error processing with the optional "error-cond line-ref" parameter. See ~~the~~ Error Conditions ~~chapter~~ for more information.		PRINT provides error processing with the optional "error-cond line-ref" parameter. See [[Error Conditions]] for more information.

	===Technical Considerations===		===Technical Considerations===

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	===See Also===		===See Also===
			*[[Printing]]
	*[[Print Using]]		*[[Print Using]]
	*[[Print Fields]]		*[[Print Fields]]

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	===Technical Considerations===		===Technical Considerations===
	:1.) Relevant error conditions are: [[CONV]], [[EOF]], [[ERROR]], [[~~Exit~~]], [[IOERR]], [[PAGEOFLOW]], and [[SOFLOW]].		:1.) Relevant error conditions are: [[CONV]], [[EOF]], [[ERROR]], [[EXIT]], [[IOERR]], [[PAGEOFLOW]], and [[SOFLOW]].
	:2.) Standard printer output (~~to PRN: or equivalently~~ PRINT #255) can be redirected using the [[RUN]] command. RUN >file-ref creates a new file or overwrites an existing file with printer output. RUN >>file-recreates a new file or appends to an existing display file. RUN >CON: sends printer output to the screen; this option can save paper and speed up debugging and program development.		:2.) Standard printer output (PRINT #255) can be redirected using the [[RUN]] command. RUN >file-ref creates a new file or overwrites an existing file with printer output. RUN >>file-recreates a new file or appends to an existing display file. RUN >CON: sends printer output to the screen; this option can save paper and speed up debugging and program development.
	:3.) In unformatted printing, numeric items always generate a leading and a trailing space, both with and without zone printing.		:3.) In unformatted printing, numeric items always generate a leading and a trailing space, both with and without zone printing.
	:4.) When BELL and NEWPAGE are specified with other data-items and separated by semi-colons, tabbing and column alignment will be off by one column for each reference to BELL or NEWPAGE. This happens because BELL and NEWPAGE occupy positions in the output buffer that is not sent to the screen or printer. The following example prints "HI" in column 28:		:4.) When BELL and NEWPAGE are specified with other data-items and separated by semi-colons, tabbing and column alignment will be off by one column for each reference to BELL or NEWPAGE. This happens because BELL and NEWPAGE occupy positions in the output buffer that is not sent to the screen or printer. The following example prints "HI" in column 28:
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	00005 PRINT BELL; NEWPAGE; TAB(30); "HI"		00005 PRINT BELL; NEWPAGE; TAB(30); "HI"

	This can be avoided by separating BELL and ~~NEWPAGE~~ by ~~semi-colons~~ or by placing the BELL and NEWPAGE parameters in PRINT statements that do not include data items, as in the following ~~example~~:		This can be avoided by separating BELL, NEWPAGE and TAB(30) by commas, or by placing the BELL and NEWPAGE parameters in PRINT statements that do not include data items, as in the following examples:

			00005 PRINT BELL, NEWPAGE, TAB(30); "HI"
	00005 PRINT BELL;NEWPAGE; : PRINT TAB(30);"HI"		00005 PRINT BELL;NEWPAGE; : PRINT TAB(30);"HI"

	:5.) The PAGEOFLOW error condition can be used for page breaks. After executing a PRINT statement, the system checks to see if the line count is greater than or equal to the value specified for PAGEOFLOW in the OPEN statement (the default is 60). If the test indicates it is time for a page break, control is transferred to the PAGEOFLOW line-ref after the statement has printed. A PRINT #file-num: NEWPAGE statement must be specified to reset the PAGEOFLOW counter to zero; otherwise, the next PRINT would also generate a page overflow condition.		:5.) The [[PAGEOFLOW]] error condition can be used for page breaks. After executing a PRINT statement, the system checks to see if the line count is greater than or equal to the value specified for PAGEOFLOW in the OPEN statement (the default is 60). If the test indicates it is time for a page break, control is transferred to the PAGEOFLOW line-ref after the statement has printed. A PRINT #file-num: NEWPAGE statement must be specified to reset the PAGEOFLOW counter to zero; otherwise, the next PRINT would also generate a page overflow condition.
	:6.) See ~~the~~ Functions ~~chapter~~ and ~~the~~ Screen I/O ~~chapter~~ for information about HEX$, which can be used in PRINT statements to change to special print modes (condensed, line spacing, etc) and to set the display attributes on the screen.		:6.) See [[Functions]] and [[Screen I/O]] for information about [[HEX$]], which can be used in PRINT statements to change to special print modes (condensed, line spacing, etc) and to set the display attributes on the screen.

	See ~~the~~ BRConfig.sys ~~chapter~~ for information about using PRINTER specifications to create a printer translation interface; PRINT statements using the HEX$ function will probably require some such translation.		:See [[BRConfig.sys]] for information about using PRINTER specifications to create a printer translation interface. PRINT statements using the HEX$ function will probably require some such translation.

	:7.) Array elements are output in row order (i.e., all elements for a row are processed before moving to the next row). In the program below, the PRINT statement at line 150 inside the loop produces the same output as line 190. This program prints the numbers from 1 to 8 twice:		:7.) Array elements are output in row order (i.e., all elements for a row are processed before moving to the next row). In the program below, the PRINT statement at line 150 inside the loop produces the same output as line 190. This program prints the numbers from 1 to 8 twice: